The Bushmen have offered an affluence of information for the branches of genetics as well as anthropology. Later a change was even witnessed in their traditional lifestyles. One wide lessons of African hereditary variety concluded in the year 2009 found that the San people were in the middle of the 5 populations with the uppermost calculated stage of hereditary assortment in the midst of the 121 dissimilar African populations which was being sampled. The San people can be well thought-out as the mainly basal branch of the phylogenetic tree that comprises of mostly all the numerous living humans; its difference of opinion swelling with numerous other human beings is the sincere familial situation that can increasingly be rebuild by means of DNA from living human beings.

San-Bushman

Around 4000 years ago, a group of people came together. They were basically called as Khoi Khoi. The Khoi-Khoi group of people came in contact with the much older hunting-gathering people group from South Africa. They were known as San, which means ‘food-gatheres’. A huge territory of the Southern Africa was been occupied by the Sans for nearly 50,000 years.  The Dutch colonist of the 17th century who had their control over the Cape of Good Hope had asked out the sans who lived in Boschveld, Boschjesmannen, which was located in the interior of the Cape.  The got their name as Biushman from the original residence. The Bushman has lived in South Africa for the longest time. They are considered to be one of the lasts remains of the Stone Age man who were later distributed all across the Central as well as Eastern and the Southern Africa.

Origin

The Sans bushmen have been living in the southern region of African for nearly 10,000 years. They are the itinerant group of people, who are supposed to the last generation of the stone-aged man. These people have been having temporary shelters over their head as they keep wandering. There occurs many times when they live in the caves or beneath the rocks. The first group of the European who were settled in the Southern region of Africa dates back to the year 1652 AD. The Europeans settled in the various areas of Africa were the Sans used to live. The Sans were been destroyed by the Europeans and were treated as animals by them. Bushmen is the name the Sans have got from the European. The European have also killed the Sans to a large extent. Around 200,000 of the Sans were killed by the Europeans in a phase of 200 years. The Sans were being sold by the European in the various markets as slaves and also the various circus which kept on traveling from one city to another.

Rock Art Work

The Europeans were the first to experience the rock art of the Southern Africa. The rock art are quite magnificent as well as beautiful. It was quite attractive and fascinated everyone whoever encounters it. It is believed that the rock art of the Southern Africa is nothing but the easy adolescent portrayal of Bushman life. These days the western culture is trying hard to find out the actual meaning of the numerous rock arts. The Europeans and also many of the African were surprised to see that the people of the older society were capable of creating such an intricate as well as complicated work of Art. To everyone’s surprise the art didn’t represent the day to day life of the primitive people but it passed on many message to the further generations. Many metaphors, symbols as well as religious marks were used the rock art of the Sans. The rock paintings which were known from the early times are as old as 27,000 year. The art work was found on Apollo 11, rock haven a committal stones.

Languages

The various languages that are being used by the sans are the part of the Khoisan group of languages. The languages used by the Khoekhoes and also the Sans are also part of the same group. A careful study carried out on the languages regarded them as one of the most complex languages in the world. The various unique sounds of click are the most fascinating part of the Sans languages. Many of the western civilizations are attracted to the Sans just because of the language they use. You can also witness few of the clicks in  Zulu as well as Xhosa and also the Siswati tribes.

Food

The Sans are ready to eat anything that is available to them at the moment they are hungry. The food they would love to select ranges from Zebra, antelope, wild hare, porcupine, Giraffe, insects, Lions, tortoise, snakes as well as flying ants. They also love to eat eggs, wild honey and also hyena. The meat of the various animals is either boiled or roasted on the fire before it is served. The Sans doesn’t believe in the wastage of food thus each and every item is been eaten.

Religion and Beliefs

The Sans has a belief that there are Supreme as well as the lesser gods. They also believe in the spirit of the dead and also the supernatural powers. As stated by the Sans of the Kalhari, the supreme god is related to their life and the increasing sun. They also feel that the lesser gods are responsible for the deaths as well as the illness. The shamans, have right of entry to the lesser gods who are responsible for the illness throughout the ceremony dance daze.

The San bushmen also shell out respect to the spirit of the dead. Nearly every San believed that in the lead death, the spirit went flipside to the grand god’s abode in the the heavens. The deceased prejudiced the life of the living. For instance when a medication man died, the Sans would be worried as to whether his strength may come back to haunt around the people and also create a danger to their life.

Birth as well as the death, the different genders, rain and also the weather was all supposed to have paranormal consequence, for instance people get hold of good and also the bad rain-bringing aptitude at the time of his birth and this aptitude is activated again when the person face his death.

San Bushmen do not encompass commencement ritual as observed in the other adjacent group of people. However, they do have formal procedure that may be apparent to be analogous to commencement rites for both the women as well as the men.

Marriage in the middle of the San Bushmen is a confidential small key occasion. It is considered as just a mere agreement among two individuals. Visitors are said to be requested to come only in outstanding cases. As a division of the marriage ceremony, the man provides the fat of the Elands’ heart to the parents of the girl. At a later on stage, the girl is massaged with Eland fat that the boy had got.
Life in the 21st Century:-

The San bushmen customary standard of living is supposed by a number of people as being prehistoric and out-of-date. They at present come across a variety of tribulations which also depend on their resident areas. Surrounded by the various region of South Africa as there are hard work to incorporate their crowd with the remaining modern developing societies they survive in. In South Africa, for instance, the Khomani are supposed to encompass the majority of their terrain privileges documented, while the Sans in Botswana were under duress dispossessed from the ‘Central Kalahari Game Reserve’ by the Botswana government to create way for locating the diamond mines in the year 2002. Lately, the Botswana court seized in good turn of the bushmen decision that they were illegitimately detached from their territory. The court additional lined that the bushmen have the right to make a decision at what time and how they want to connect the contemporary world.

The San Bushmen have been clever to stay alive their altered chance and the cruel circumstances of the Kalahari Desert in which they are at the present frequently concerted. There are organizations that look for to lend a hand to them talk to the abundant confronts they at present face, to name a few are the various health issues, ecological dares, land rights, job conception, language conservation, and education.

Key attractions of the Stone town

The first thing that is seen when you enter the Zanibar is the port and sea front; you would be in the ferry and slowly accelerating down to link craft towards the harbor.

Clock Tower on the zenith of the House of Wanders oversee the wonderful the buildings which are there in the island. After the completion of immigration check ups, you would drift out of the Port Authority and by turning right youn would get yourself into Mizingani Road.

The opening of the amazing structures to your eyes would start happening, the first being the 4 storied ancient Khoja Shia Itnasheri Dispensery which would blow your minds with its astonishing decorated and designed balconies. The dispensary is said to have been built in the last years of 19th century by a well-known Indian merchant and banker called in

On going further along the Mizingani Road, Beit-al-Sahel the Palace Museum exist which was constructed as the authorized palace for Sultan of Zanzibar and after the Zanizibar Revolution the dynasty lost its rule.

The fruit and food market, built in early 1900s, midway along Creek Road is nice place for shopping and to get involved into sight seeing. It is an important market sea foods and aromatic spices.

The places are chaotic in the day time but by night all fall silent and the only place you can find nightlife is Forodhani Gardens which has many discotheques, bars and the recreation continues till wee hours.

The age old museum, Peace Memorial Museum has exhibitions which showcase the ancient rich history of the Zanzibar; the museum has successfully restored the records from those of Omani Sultans to that of British Colonial period and the independence.

How you can reach the Stone Town

You can get down at Zanzibar Airport. There are ferries which operate to Zanzibar from Dar-es-Salaam. The Stone Town can also be reached through the main road from the Zanzibar Airport.

The Fish river is the longest river in Namibia which ends at Ai-Ais the hot springs.

The whole gorge is 160km in length and is 127km wide. The picturesque inner canyon is marvelous 550m profound.

The composition of this grandeur started about 1.8 millions years ago with sandstone, shale and laves deposits. Over the past 50 million years the canyon has developed to be the most imposing and striking gorge in the world. It brings the excitement and thrill to the adventurous hikers making them feel home away from home. A place so gorgeous a must visit for every hiker. Its surrounded by boulders and impassive cliffs.

Reaching to The fish river Canyon:

• Via Air: Windhoek International Airport.
• Via CarB4 Southwest for around 44km(27 miles), then left onto the C12(from Keetmanshop). After 77km(48 miles) a right turn is signposted for The canyon.
• Please check the visa requirements well before and plan the visit accordingly.
• The Hiking trail begins near Hobas on D601 and ends at Ai-Ais Hot Springs at C10.
• Avoid negative surprises and trust an Africa travel specialist who will always give you the best deal. A cheap deal in Africa is not always a good deal.

The Canyon is privately own as well.
The Fish River Canyon is a typical Semi-desert Climate.

• Summer: Very hot during months of October-March temperatures rise to 48degree Celsius during day.
• Winters: very short but temperatures can go to 0 degree but in day time it is 20 to 28 degree Celsius. May –July.
• Rain: is very unpredictable and varies between 50-100mm per year.

Its therefore recommended to visit it during winter season as the Heat stokes is common in summers. Hiking is allowed between April 15 and September 15.

The Vegetation is as per the semi-desert habitat. The trees can survive droughts upto 5 years. The flowering is in winter. Its national Tress is Quiver tree.  Namibia’s national tree, the Aloe dichotoma or Quiver Tree is mostly found in the south Wild horses, Leopard,Kudu, Steebork, Klipspringer, Mountain Zebra are the natural world of the canyons. To add to the family are birds including Pelicans, Black Eagles, Fish Eagles, Kingfishers, Lovebirds, Wild Ostrich and various species of waterfowl and wading birds, such as Herons. It is a place to visit and not live.

As the name says here we find abundance of fishes sush as as Barbled catfish and Yellow fish.

Beware of snakes(Cape Cobra, Black Spitting Cobra, Puff adder and Horned adder) and rodents.

Accomodation

Lodges of the Fish River Canyon:

• Canon Lodge: Natural Rock Chalets
• Canon Roadhouse : En-suite rooms, campsites, restaurant, pool; fuel-station
• Canon Village: Cape Dutch Cottages
• Canon Mountain Camp:Rustic self-catering camp, en-suite bathrooms; kitchen

The Fish River Hiking trails

• Starts At hobas get along to 85 kilometers ie 53 miles to end.
• Takes 3 to 5 days to complete.
• Decent starts at Hikers View ( about 3km north of the main viewpoint.
• Route follows river bed.
• Terrain consist of rocks,boulders,sand and river crossing.
• There are number of shortcuts also available.
• Steep path
• Once you reach on the top you feel the pharaoh of desert.
• The trail ends at Ai ais. meaning Burning Water in the local Nama language), a hot water spring which wells from the earth and is believed to cure rheumatism.

To make your experience memorable take care of following things:

• Drink lots of fluids. Carry water with you for trail.
• Refill water from larger pools only.
• Carry your sleeping bag as you have to sleep outside while on the trail.
• The emergency services are available though it is still rudimentary.
• Beware of snakes and rodents.

The Fish River Canyon is the gorgeous and magnificent. It’s the test that every hiker need to pass to qualify himself as hiker.

Contact Addresses
Namibia Wildlife Resorts Ltd, Private Bag 13378, Windhoek, Namibia
Tel: (061) 256 446